Although the initial theme sounds simple and innocent this nocturne embodies interesting chromatic shifts together with ravishing florituras, which lead to a passionately-driven middle section based on motoric quintuplets.
Marked "Lento Assai" meaning moderately slow, this prelude has a beautiful and haunting bass line accompanied by incessant tolling bells in the right hand written in trochaic trimetre form.
Chopin turns the light-hearted idea of a "scherzo" (Italian for "joke") into a dramatic masterpiece full of stark contrasts, wide dynamic ranges and a sublime middle theme marked "sotto voce". This piece is written in sonata form.
One of the most popular pieces ever written in the history of piano literature, it is still relatively unclear as to why Chopin named it a "Polonaise." Aside from two short sections, its rhythm and character are not typical of the traditional, stately Polish dance. Nevertheless, it is a work full of majestic and nationalistic pride with brilliant, crashing chords and a military-like middle section composed of rapidly descending octaves in the bass.
The second last nocturne Chopin ever wrote, it baffled the European public of its time with its wandering chromatic harmonies, intimate expressiveness and unique pianistic effects such as the repeat of the main theme occurring as a set of chained trills.
"Simplicity is the final achievement. After one has played a vast quantity of notes and more notes, it is simplicity that emerges as the crowning reward of art."